According to the CT or MRI scan results, patients with bleeding in the putamen that had not broken into the ventricle were included in the study.
The diagnosis of ICH mainly relied on computed tomography (CT) scans undertaken on a 256-detector row spiral CT scanner (Brilliance CT Big Bore Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans undertaken on a GE SIGNA™ Pioneer 3.0 T scanner (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ, USA). This case–control study enrolled consecutive patients with ICH treated with craniotomy by either the Department of Neurosurgery or the Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China between August 2012 and December 2013. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the miRNA expression pattern in the peripheral blood of patients with ICH, and to investigate the differential expression patterns of hsa-miR-21-5p in peripheral blood and haematoma samples from patients with ICH. 13, 14 However, the involvement of miR-21 expression in ICH has not been reported to date. 5 As one of the earliest miRNAs to be discovered and one that has widespread distribution in human cells and tissues, miR-21 has been shown to have specific expression patterns in a variety of diseases, including tumours and cardiovascular disease. 10 However, studies describing such a role for miRNAs in humans are scarce. 12 A study that used rats as an animal model demonstrated that miRNAs can be used as peripheral blood biomarkers to reflect relevant changes in the brain.
9 – 11 MiRNA expression and target gene regulation occurs mainly inside the cell, yet miRNAs are also found in extracellular fluids such as serum. 7, 8 As novel biomarkers and regulatory small molecules, miRNAs play important roles in the diagnosis and treatment of stroke. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules (18–22 nucleotides long) that are encoded by endogenous genes and are involved in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression in plants and animals. 4, 5 To this end, researchers are evaluating molecular markers in order to improve the understanding of their potential roles in ICH pathogenesis, targeted therapy and prognosis. 3 Many studies have focused on finding ways to effectively predict ICH occurrence and improve its prognosis. 1 ICH has an annual incidence of approximately 10–30 per 100 000 people, a morbidity rate of approximately 75%, and a mortality rate of 30–50%, 2 which is associated with a heavy economic burden on individuals, families and society at large. Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a common cerebrovascular disease accounting for approximately 10–15% of all stroke patients.
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